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기초 동사- Basic verbs

30 Korean Verbs Beginners Can Use Every Day

4 min readBeginnerLessonVocabularySpeaking

Written by Erik Claesson · Founder of Chamelingo · Korean learner · Software engineer

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You do not need hundreds of verbs before you can make useful Korean sentences.

A small set of flexible verbs gives you a surprising amount of coverage.

This list is not a frequency ranking. It is a practical beginner set: verbs that combine well with common nouns and situations.

1. 가다 → go

Polite: 가요

  • 학교에 가요. → I go to school.

2. 오다 → come

Polite: 와요

  • 친구가 와요. → A friend is coming.

3. 먹다 → eat

Polite: 먹어요

  • 밥을 먹어요. → I eat a meal.

4. 마시다 → drink

Polite: 마셔요

  • 커피를 마셔요. → I drink coffee.

5. 보다 → see / watch

Polite: 봐요

  • 영화를 봐요. → I watch a movie.

6. 듣다 → listen / hear

Polite: 들어요

  • 음악을 들어요. → I listen to music.

7. 읽다 → read

Polite: 읽어요

  • 책을 읽어요. → I read a book.

8. 쓰다 → write / use

Polite: 써요

  • 메모를 써요. → I write a note.

The exact meaning of 쓰다 depends on context, so learn examples rather than one translation only.

9. 말하다 → speak / say

Polite: 말해요

  • 한국어로 말해요. → I speak in Korean.

10. 하다 → do

Polite: 해요

  • 운동해요. → I exercise.

하다 also builds many useful verbs. See Korean 하다 verbs.

11. 공부하다 → study

Polite: 공부해요

  • 한국어를 공부해요. → I study Korean.

12. 배우다 → learn

Polite: 배워요

  • 한국어를 배워요. → I learn Korean.

13. 알다 → know

Polite: 알아요

  • 그 사람을 알아요. → I know that person.

14. 모르다 → not know

Polite: 몰라요

  • 잘 몰라요. → I do not know well / I am not sure.

Learn 잘 모르겠어요 later as another useful conversational form.

15. 있다 → exist / have

Polite: 있어요

  • 시간이 있어요. → I have time.

16. 없다 → not exist / not have

Polite: 없어요

  • 시간이 없어요. → I do not have time.

See the 있어요/없어요 grammar reference.

17. 좋아하다 → like

Polite: 좋아해요

  • 한국 음식을 좋아해요. → I like Korean food.

18. 싫어하다 → dislike

Polite: 싫어해요

  • 매운 음식을 싫어해요. → I dislike spicy food.

19. 만나다 → meet

Polite: 만나요

  • 친구를 만나요. → I meet a friend.

20. 사다 → buy

Polite: 사요

  • 물을 사요. → I buy water.

21. 주다 → give

Polite: 줘요

  • 친구에게 선물을 줘요. → I give a gift to a friend.

22. 받다 → receive

Polite: 받아요

  • 메시지를 받아요. → I receive a message.

23. 만들다 → make

Polite: 만들어요

  • 음식을 만들어요. → I make food.

24. 찍다 → take / shoot

Polite: 찍어요

  • 사진을 찍어요. → I take a photo.

This is a classic collocation. See Korean collocations.

25. 자다 → sleep

Polite: 자요

  • 일찍 자요. → I sleep early / go to bed early.

26. 일어나다 → get up / happen

Polite: 일어나요

  • 일곱 시에 일어나요. → I get up at seven.

27. 기다리다 → wait

Polite: 기다려요

  • 여기에서 기다려요. → I wait here.

28. 시작하다 → start

Polite: 시작해요

  • 수업을 시작해요. → I start class.

29. 끝나다 → end / finish

Polite: 끝나요

  • 수업이 끝나요. → Class ends.

Notice the subject pattern here: the class itself ends.

30. 필요하다 → need / be necessary

Polite: 필요해요

  • 시간이 필요해요. → I need time.

Do not study these as thirty naked dictionary forms

A better format is:

먹다 → 먹어요 → 밥을 먹어요.

For every verb, keep:

  1. dictionary form
  2. one usable polite form
  3. one common noun or situation

That makes the verb much easier to retrieve later.

Group them by situation

Food

  • 먹다
  • 마시다
  • 사다
  • 만들다

Movement and schedule

  • 가다
  • 오다
  • 기다리다
  • 시작하다
  • 끝나다

Learning and communication

  • 공부하다
  • 배우다
  • 읽다
  • 쓰다
  • 듣다
  • 말하다
  • 알다
  • 모르다

Social life

  • 만나다
  • 주다
  • 받다
  • 좋아하다
  • 싫어하다

Grouping gives your memory more structure than alphabetical order.

Practice with substitution

Take one sentence:

커피를 마셔요.

Swap the noun:

  • 물을 마셔요.
  • 차를 마셔요.

Then swap the verb:

  • 커피를 사요.
  • 커피를 좋아해요.

This turns thirty verbs into hundreds of possible beginner sentences.

Continue learning

You do not need to memorize every Korean verb before speaking. Make a small set automatic, then keep expanding from the sentences you actually need.

Tags: vocabulary · verbs · beginner-korean · speaking

Frequently asked questions

Which Korean verbs should beginners learn first?
Start with verbs you can use in many daily situations, such as 가다, 오다, 먹다, 마시다, 보다, 듣다, 말하다, 하다, 있다, 없다, 좋아하다, and 필요하다.
Should I memorize Korean verbs in dictionary form or conjugated form?
Know the dictionary form for lookup, but also learn a usable polite form such as 가요, 먹어요, or 해요 so the verb is ready for conversation.
How can I remember Korean verbs faster?
Learn each verb with one common noun or situation, such as 음악을 듣다, 사진을 찍다, 친구를 만나다, or 밥을 먹다.
Are these the 30 most frequent Korean verbs?
No. This is a practical beginner set chosen for broad everyday usefulness, not a strict corpus-frequency ranking.

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