beginner · freeInteractive lesson
(으)로
Try it freeComplete examples with (으)로Apply the formation rule before moving into the related grammar path.Open →Explanation
Means direction material.
지하철로.
Start with “지하철로 가요.” (I go by subway.). Say the whole sentence first, then identify exactly what (으)로 contributes before changing any other words.
Compare “왼쪽으로 가세요.” with “나무로 만들었어요.”. Keep the function of (으)로 the same while noticing what changes around it; then rebuild one of the examples with vocabulary you already know.
Examples
지하철로 가요.
I go by subway.
왼쪽으로 가세요.
Go to the left.
나무로 만들었어요.
I made it from wood.
Common mistakes
- Do not choose (으)로 only because an English translation contains “by / to / as”. Check the Korean function, attachment, and speech level in the full sentence.
- Do not memorize (으)로 as an isolated ending. Mark the stem or phrase it attaches to in one example, then rebuild that example with new vocabulary.
How to practice
- Production check: say “지하철로 가요.” naturally, then change one content word without changing the job (으)로 is doing.
- When a related pattern is listed below, compare both forms in the same situation instead of memorizing two English glosses separately.
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